Clinical microbiology is a branch of medical science that utilizes competencies in general medicine and medical microbiology to carry out surveillance measures (monitoring disease distribution), prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and actively carry out infection control in hospitals, other health care facilities and the community.

Clinical microbiology plays a role at all stages of the medical process, from the assessment stage, analyzing and establishing clinical diagnoses stage, medical interventions drafting, implementing medical intervention designs, to the evaluation stage, and determining follow-up.